The Importance of Electromagnetic Compatibility_Application of Electromagnetic Compatibility Technology
The so-called compatibility of electronic products actually means that the electronic products can work normally under the working environment, and at the same time, they will not cause interference to other electronic products in their environment, that is, electronic products are on the one hand. During normal operation, the electromagnetic interference generated by them will not cause interference to other electronic devices in their working environment, affect their normal operation, cause damage and the impact should be kept within a certain range (that is, for other electronic devices). The limit of the equipment's influence); on the other hand, the electronic product must have a certain anti-jamming capability to the working environment, and it cannot be interfered by the electromagnetic interference generated by other electronic equipment in the working environment. Normal work or cause a certain degree of damage, which means that electronic products should have electromagnetic sensitivity.
The important role of electromagnetic compatibilityWith the continuous recognition of electromagnetic compatibility, the emphasis on electromagnetic compatibility has gradually increased. With the continuous development of science and technology, the fields involved in electromagnetic compatibility are increasingly expanding. Nowadays, the impact of electromagnetic compatibility has become more than just the electronic product equipment itself. Because the internal structure of electronic products has become more and more compact and complicated, the problem of electromagnetic compatibility has also increased. More important, such as electromagnetic interference, the radio cannot listen to the radio, data of some electronic devices is lost in the transmission process, some medical electronic devices work abnormally, the detonation device is triggered to cause explosion, and a control function of the industrial process completely fails. Etc. Electromagnetic interference or radiation produced by it can also cause certain subtle changes in the organism itself and have a certain impact. Because of these interferences and disturbed electromagnetic problems, it is of great importance to study the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic products.
Electromagnetic compatibility refers to the ability of an electronic device to operate normally in an electromagnetic environment. Electromagnetic interference is an electromagnetic change that is detrimental to the performance of electronic devices. Electromagnetic interference not only affects the normal operation of electronic devices, but also causes damage to some components in electronic devices. Therefore, sufficient attention must be paid to the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic devices. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the electronic equipment can work normally without being affected by the electromagnetic interference around it, and it should be noted that the electronic equipment itself does not generate electromagnetic interference to other equipments around it, and affects the normal operation of other equipment.
2, for the international integration of electronic equipmentRecently, electromagnetic compatibility has evolved from post-processing to advance analysis, prediction and design. Electromagnetic compatibility has become an important part of modern engineering design. Electromagnetic compatibility compliance certification has been developed from one country to a global region, placing electromagnetic compatibility in an equally important position with respect to safety and environmental adaptability.
For example, the European Community has incorporated electromagnetic compatibility requirements of products into technical regulations and enforced Directive 89/336/EEC, stipulating that electrical and electronic products must comply with the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility and be affixed with the CE mark from January 1, 1996. Before you can sell in the market. Products without CEs are not allowed to be listed. Those who do not comply with the requirements of the EMC Directive must be ordered to withdraw from the market, and those who continue to violate will be subject to heavy penalties. At present, the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia and other countries have already issued corresponding regulations.
In order to be in line with international standards, the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and the National Entry-Exit Inspection Agency of the People's Republic of China implemented mandatory electromagnetic compatibility testing on personal computers, monitors, printers, switching power supplies, televisions, and audio equipment since January 1999. The State Bureau of Technical Supervision stipulates that sound and television broadcasting equipment, information technology equipment, household appliances, electric tools, power supplies, lighting appliances, electric ignition driving devices, financial settlement electronic equipment, security electronic products and low-voltage electrical appliances shall be gradually implemented from October 2002 onwards. Implement electromagnetic compatibility mandatory certification.
3, for the safety of people and certain special materialsThe electromagnetic wave is inductively coupled with the control circuit of the electric explosion device, and the generated interference current may cause the electric explosion device to explode. Therefore, GJB 786 states that the electromagnetic interference induced current and voltage on the electric detonator wire must be less than 15% of the maximum unburned current and voltage. In addition, various types of fuel have the danger of burning and explosion under the action of strong electromagnetic fields (direct illumination, electric spark, and electrostatic discharge); electromagnetic energy will have harmful physiological effects through physical and chemical effects on human tissues. Therefore, for the safety of the person and certain special materials, GJB 786 also stipulates that the average power density of the continuous wave of electromagnetic radiation of the electronic equipment is not allowed to exceed 4mW/cm2, and the average power density of the pulse wave is not allowed to exceed 2mW/cm2.
4, for the needs of today's and future warsThe electromagnetic pulse generated during a nuclear explosion propagates outward at the speed of light. Its electric field strength can reach 105V/m, the magnetic field strength can reach 260A/m, the pulse width can be of the order of 20ns, and the frequency of the electromagnetic pulse at the peak can be 105Hz. When this kind of electromagnetic pulse acts on an electronic device, the light causes the deterioration of the performance of the electronic device, and the circuit component is damaged due to the light.
Especially in today's and future wars, electromagnetic pulse bombs that have already been applied and high-power microwave weapons that are being developed have electromagnetic pulse radiation similar to that generated during a nuclear explosion, which will pose a deadly threat to electronic devices. Electromagnetic compatibility can provide basic technical guidance for combating this threat.
In daily life, some electromagnetic interference may cause harm:
1 Interfere with watching TV and listening to radio broadcasters.
2 Loss of data during the digital system and data transmission.
3 Damage to normal work at the equipment, subsystem, or system level.
4 Medical electronic equipment (such as medical monitors, ECG pacemakers, etc.) work abnormally.
5 The work of automated microprocessor control systems (eg, automotive brake systems, crash airbag protection systems) is out of control.
6 The navigation system is malfunctioning.
7 Inadvertent explosion of the detonation device.
8 Failure of industrial process control functions (eg petroleum or chemical).
In addition, strong electric fields can also affect organisms, and so on. This shows that the deterioration of the electromagnetic environment will lead to many consequences. It is imperative to carry out electromagnetic compatibility studies, strengthen EMC management, reduce electromagnetic harassment, and avoid electromagnetic interference.
In order to make the product conform to the corresponding electromagnetic compatibility standard before becoming a commodity, performing the necessary electromagnetic compatibility detection during the development process will greatly benefit the stability of the product's own performance and the improvement of the quality, and it can also save the cost. Therefore, high-performance shielded equipment rooms, EMC anechoic chambers, and related professional electromagnetic compatibility testing instruments have become necessary equipment for electronic product development companies and manufacturers, and they are also an important symbol of the company's R&D strength and testing level.
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