The primary role of the engine lubrication hydraulic system is to provide essential functions such as lubrication, cleaning, cooling, and sealing for the engine's friction components. This system ensures smooth operation and prolongs the lifespan of critical moving parts. It comprises several key components, including an oil collection filter, an oil pump, a pressure-limiting valve, an oil filter, an oil line, and an oil passage.
Despite its importance, lubrication hydraulic systems can encounter various issues. These typically include excessive oil pressure, low oil consumption, excessive oil consumption, and degraded oil quality. Among these problems, this article will initially focus on analyzing the issue of excessively high oil pressure.
1. Symptoms of the Problem:
- When starting a cold engine, the oil gauge shows a pressure of approximately 0.5 MPa.
- Once the ignition is turned on, the oil pressure reads around 0.2 MPa but rises to over 0.5 MPa after the engine starts.
- During engine operation, the oil pressure unexpectedly spikes.
2. Causes of the Problem:
- High oil viscosity.
- Improper adjustment of the pressure-limiting valve, particularly with the spring being overly stiff.
- Blockage in the cylinder block’s lubrication oil passages.
- Insufficient clearance in the main bearings or connecting rod bearings.
- A clogged oil filter element causing the bypass valve to struggle to open.
- Faulty oil pressure gauge or its sensor.
3. Analysis of the Failure:
- In cases of excessively high oil pressure, the first step should involve checking whether the oil viscosity is too high and whether the pressure-limiting valve has been incorrectly adjusted. For newly installed engines, ensure that the clearances between the main bearings, connecting rod bearings, or camshaft bearings are not too narrow.
- When oil pressure suddenly increases, verify if the oil filter element is dirty or if the bypass valve spring is set too tightly. If these checks prove normal, it is likely that the lubrication system’s oil passage is obstructed. Damaged camshaft timing gears often lead to debris accumulating and blocking the oil passage, necessitating thorough cleaning.
- Upon turning on the ignition switch, if the oil gauge displays pressure readings, confirm the integrity of the oil gauge and its sensor.
In addition to the above points, it is important to regularly maintain the hydraulic system by replacing oil filters and ensuring proper adjustments of the pressure-limiting valve. Regular inspections can help prevent more severe failures, thereby enhancing the overall performance and longevity of the engine. By addressing these issues promptly, vehicle owners can avoid costly repairs and ensure their engines operate at peak efficiency.
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