The primary role of the engine lubrication hydraulic system is to ensure the smooth operation of friction components by providing lubrication, cleaning, cooling, and sealing functions. This system comprises several key components, including an oil collection filter, oil pump, pressure-limiting valve, oil filter, oil lines, and oil passages. However, common issues such as excessively high oil pressure, low oil consumption, excessive oil consumption, and degraded oil quality can arise.
This article will first focus on analyzing the problem of abnormally high oil pressure.
**Failure Symptoms:**
1. When starting a cold engine, the oil pressure gauge shows approximately 0.5 MPa.
2. After turning on the ignition switch, the oil pressure initially reads around 0.2 MPa but rises above 0.5 MPa once the engine starts.
3. During normal engine operation, the oil pressure unexpectedly spikes.
**Causes of Failure:**
1. Excessively thick oil viscosity.
2. Improper adjustment of the pressure-limiting valve, particularly with a spring that’s too stiff.
3. Blockage in the cylinder block's lubrication channels.
4. Insufficient clearances in the main bearings or connecting rod bearings.
5. Clogging of the oil filter element and a malfunctioning bypass valve.
6. Malfunction of the oil pressure gauge or its sensor.
**Failure Analysis:**
1. In cases of excessively high oil pressure, start by verifying whether the oil viscosity is too high or if the pressure-limiting valve is improperly set (e.g., with a spring that’s too tight). For newer engines, confirm that the gaps between the main bearings, connecting rod bearings, or camshaft bearings are not too narrow.
2. When the oil pressure suddenly surges, first examine the oil filter element for dirt accumulation and check if the bypass valve spring tension is too strong. If these checks yield no issues, the problem may lie within the lubrication system’s oil passages. Debris from a damaged camshaft timing gear often blocks these passages, necessitating thorough cleaning.
3. Upon turning on the ignition switch, if the oil gauge shows a pressure reading, ensure that the oil gauge and its sensor are functioning correctly.
In addition to these points, it’s crucial to regularly inspect and maintain the entire lubrication system to prevent potential failures. Neglecting regular maintenance can lead to long-term damage and costly repairs. For instance, a clogged oil filter or improperly adjusted pressure-limiting valve could result in overheating or even engine seizure. Therefore, periodic checks and timely replacement of worn parts are essential to maintaining optimal performance and extending the lifespan of the vehicle.
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