**Keywords: electric vehicle current sensor, motor control, BMS battery management**
Electric vehicles have become increasingly popular in recent years, with a wide range of applications from two-wheeled electric bicycles to four-wheel EV models, electric buses, and even sightseeing cars. While many of these vehicles use basic sensors like shunts or Hall sensors, the demand for more accurate and reliable current sensing solutions is growing, especially in high-end electric vehicles and buses.
This article explores the application methods and product types of current sensors in electric vehicles. Compared to traditional sensors, modern current sensors offer significant advantages such as high stability, precision, and resistance to extreme temperatures.
### 1. Introduction
Electric vehicles have entered millions of households, offering a low-carbon and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional vehicles. The market includes various types, such as three- and four-wheeled low-speed vehicles, as well as high-speed electric cars and commercial vehicles. Most of these vehicles rely on basic sensor technologies, often leading to safety concerns. This article focuses on the selection and use of current sensors in electric buses and household electric cars.
### 2. Principle of Hall Current Sensor
Currently, most electric vehicles use open-loop Hall current sensors. Previously, closed-loop sensors were preferred due to their high accuracy and fast response time. However, open-loop sensors now offer better cost-effectiveness, compact design, and improved reliability. Their internal structure is simpler, making them ideal for automotive applications.
An open-loop Hall current sensor works by detecting the magnetic flux generated by the primary current using a high-quality magnetic core. The Hall element then measures this flux and converts it into an output voltage that reflects the primary current waveform. This method ensures accurate current measurement.
### 3. Characteristics of Hall Sensors
Regardless of whether they are open-loop or closed-loop, Hall sensors share several key advantages:
- Fast response time
- Low temperature drift
- High measurement accuracy
- Compact size
- Strong overload capability
These features make Hall sensors suitable for a wide range of applications in electric vehicles.
### 4. Types of Electric Vehicle Current Sensors
Electric vehicle current sensors are primarily used in two systems: the Battery Management System (BMS) and the Motor Controller. Some models can be used interchangeably depending on design requirements.
#### BMS Battery Management System
Common models include JKC39I, JKC5I, and JKC1I. For example, JKC39I is a single-supply, single-range sensor that requires 5V power, while JKC1I is a dual-power, dual-range sensor needing ±12–15V. These sensors are widely used in low- and medium-speed vehicles.
JKC5I is another option that automatically switches between ranges based on current levels, ensuring accurate measurements across different loads.
#### Motor Controller Application
In motor controllers, three-phase current detection is common. JKC39I, JKC1I, and JKP9I are frequently used. JKC1I is popular in low-speed vehicles and buses due to its cost-effectiveness and reliability. JKP9I and JKC39I are also widely used in domestic electric cars because of their simple structure and high reliability.
### 5. Comparison and Structure of Current Sensors
Comparing different sensor designs shows that while JKC1I has a larger market presence, it contains more components, which may affect reliability. In contrast, JKP9I uses only a Hall chip and magnetic core, resulting in a simpler and more reliable design.
### 6. Key Considerations When Selecting and Using Current Sensors
When selecting and installing current sensors, several factors should be considered:
- Ensure the sensor hole size allows the wire to pass through easily.
- Check that the installation space meets structural requirements.
- Avoid ESD during wiring and ensure correct connections.
- Install the sensor in a clean, non-corrosive environment.
- Keep the measured conductor centered within the sensor to minimize position errors.
### 7. Conclusion
With decreasing subsidies and increasing competition, reducing costs while maintaining reliability is essential for manufacturers. Current sensors play a crucial role in BMS and motor control systems. As a supplier, we are committed to providing high-quality solutions that meet industry needs.
For more information, visit our website or contact us directly.
**Beijing Jinsheng Yuanchuang Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.**
Field Manager: 13146333080
Website: [http://](http://)
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