**Introduction to Cloud Computing**
Cloud computing is a modern business computing model based on the Internet. It distributes computational tasks across large pools of computers, allowing applications to access computing power, storage, and various software services as needed. Cloud computing represents the evolution of parallel computing, distributed computing, and grid computing, or it can be considered the commercial implementation of these computer science concepts.
**1. The Principle of Cloud Computing**
The fundamental idea behind cloud computing is that enterprise data centers operate more like the Internet by distributing computation across a large number of distributed computers instead of relying on local or remote servers. This enables companies to dynamically allocate resources to their applications, accessing computing power and storage systems as required.
**2. The Technical Architecture of Cloud Computing**
In general, cloud computing aims to provide three levels of service—Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS)—by managing and scheduling resource pools created through virtualization. The cloud architecture consists of three logical layers and a cloud management platform.
At the bottom is the **resource layer**, which includes both physical and virtual resources. It abstracts hardware components such as computing, storage, and networking, enabling automatic resource management and optimization. This layer provides IaaS to external users, making hardware resources easy to access and manage.
The **platform layer** sits between the resource and application layers. It is a software-based core that runs on the resource layer, offering development, testing, and operational support for application services. It includes web and application servers, databases, and management tools. This layer focuses on delivering a scalable, highly available, and manageable cloud middleware platform.
The **application layer** consists of applications running on the platform layer, providing specific business solutions. These applications can be categorized into three types: public standard applications like Google Docs, customer-specific applications such as Salesforce CRM, and third-party-developed apps that meet diverse user needs.
The **cloud management platform** offers a flexible environment for deploying, operating, and managing business systems. It hides differences in underlying hardware and operating systems while ensuring security, performance, scalability, and reliability. It includes management functions, user service functions, and scheduling monitoring capabilities.
**Concept of the Internet of Things (IoT)**
The Internet of Things refers to a new technology that connects various sensors with the existing Internet. It creates a network that enables intelligent management by using information-sensing equipment to connect any objects via the Internet according to agreed protocols for information exchange and communication. From this definition, it's clear that the core and foundation of IoT is still the Internet, representing an extension of it. Its main goal is to enable seamless communication and information exchange between any two objects.
**1. The Principle of the Internet of Things**
The main technology used in IoT is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), which supports the automatic identification of items and enables information sharing over the Internet. The structure of the IoT can be divided into three levels:
(1) **Information Awareness Layer**: This layer includes sensor networks such as RFID, barcodes, and sensors, used for identifying item information and collecting data.
(2) **Information Transmission Layer**: This layer is responsible for securely transmitting large amounts of data collected from the sensor network over long distances to the application layer.
(3) **Information Application Layer**: This layer provides users with the information and applications they need through data processing platforms and customized solutions.
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