Compare ipv4_ipv6 with ipv9
For IP, you might not be unfamiliar. When it comes to "IPv4" and "IPv6," you may already have some understanding of them. But have you ever heard of "IPv9"? Well, I didn't know much about it either. After doing some research online, I finally got a clearer picture. Now, I’d like to share this information with you.
IPv4 and IPv6 are the two main protocol families that power today’s global internet. The TCP/IP protocol, specifically IPv4, uses 32-bit addresses, which means it can support up to around 4.3 billion unique addresses. However, as the internet has grown rapidly over the years, the demand for IP addresses has increased significantly, leading to a shortage of available IPv4 addresses.
IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses Are Running Out
According to various reports, the global IPv4 address pool was expected to be fully exhausted by 2010. In contrast, IPv6 uses a 128-bit address space, which offers an almost unlimited number of addresses. Even in a conservative estimate, IPv6 can allocate more than 1,000 addresses per square meter of the Earth's surface.
During the design of IPv6, the goal wasn’t just to solve the address exhaustion problem but also to address several limitations of IPv4, such as end-to-end connectivity, quality of service (QoS), security, multicast, mobility, and plug-and-play capabilities. 2011 marked a turning point for IPv6 as the last IPv4 address blocks were allocated globally, and the transition to IPv6 began to move from planning to implementation.
What Is IPv9?
Let’s talk about IPv9. A few years ago, there was a project called the "Decimal Network" developed in China, led by Xie Jianping and his team. This technology aimed to support China’s network sovereignty, but it has since faded into obscurity. The technical details of IPv9 remain a commercial secret, and its development is not widely publicized. Recently, some domestic enthusiasts have started talking about IPv9 again, claiming it's a simpler alternative to traditional domain names. One of its main features is using decimal numbers for URL encoding, allowing users to enter simple numeric domain names like "12345" instead of complex strings like "example.com."
What Are the Advantages of IPv6 Over IPv4?
IPv6 offers a significantly larger address space compared to IPv4. While IPv4 has a 32-bit address length (approximately 4.3 billion addresses), IPv6 uses a 128-bit address space, providing a virtually infinite number of addresses—around 3.4 x 10^38. Additionally, IPv6 simplifies routing by using a hierarchical structure, reducing the size of routing tables and improving packet forwarding efficiency.
It also enhances support for multicast and flow control, making it ideal for multimedia applications and enabling better QoS management. IPv6 includes built-in auto-configuration, which makes network setup easier and faster. It also improves security through native support for IPsec, allowing data encryption and authentication at the network layer.
China’s Own IPv9 Faces Many Challenges
Reports suggest that China’s three major telecom operators are now pushing for the adoption of IPv6. Duan Xiaodong, deputy director of the Network Technology Research Institute at China Mobile, has recommended that devices and terminals must support IPv6 when accessing the network. This aligns with previous statements from China Mobile indicating that mobile terminals lack sufficient IPv6 support and require urgent improvements.
Zeng Gaofei mentioned that while the idea of "marking" IPv6 is still in the discussion phase, it hasn’t been officially announced or approved yet. From China Mobile’s perspective, the implementation of IPv6 is still in early stages and faces many obstacles.
Currently, there are no commercially available TD terminals that support IPv6, and there are significant gaps in chip development. Zeng Gaofei explained that China Mobile’s approach is to push for the use of foreign technologies and integrate them into local devices. However, this would increase costs for manufacturers, who are reluctant to develop IPv6-enabled TD terminals due to the financial burden.
This situation highlights the challenges Chinese companies face in developing their own technologies. They remain dependent on foreign solutions, and without strong incentives, it’s difficult for enterprises to invest in IPv6 support. As a result, the transition to IPv6 remains slow, and many issues still need to be addressed before it becomes widespread in China.
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