Stepper motor driver segmentation and no subdivision difference - Database & Sql Blog Articles
Stepper motor drivers can be divided into two main types: subdivided and non-subdivided. Subdivided drivers offer significantly higher precision compared to their non-subdivided counterparts. The concept of subdivision involves the driver splitting each pulse sent from the control system into smaller pulses based on a set subdivision coefficient. For example, if a stepper motor requires 200 pulses for one full revolution and is set to a subdivision of 32, the driver will output 6400 pulses to complete that same rotation.
Common subdivision settings include 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, and even 512. In many foreign countries, especially in industrial applications, two-phase hybrid stepper motors are widely used with corresponding subdivision drivers. However, in China, many users are still not fully aware of the benefits of subdivision. Some may assume that subdivision is only about improving accuracy, but in reality, the primary purpose of subdivision is to enhance the motor’s performance during operation.
Subdivision works by precisely controlling the phase current of the motor through the driver. Take a two-phase motor as an example: if its rated phase current is 3A, a standard driver (like a constant current chopping type) would abruptly switch the current between 0 and 3A with every step. This sudden change causes vibration and noise. On the other hand, a subdivided driver controls the current more smoothly, changing it gradually—like a sine wave—so that each microstep results in only a small current change, such as 0.3A instead of 3A. This leads to smoother motion, reduced vibration, and lower noise levels.
Because subdivision requires precise current control, the driver must have advanced technology and high-quality manufacturing, which also increases the cost. It's important to note that some Chinese drivers use a technique called “smoothing†instead of true subdivision. While they might be marketed as subdivision, they don’t actually produce microsteps. Smoothing only reduces the rate of current change without achieving the same level of precision or performance as real subdivision.
Here are two key differences to help distinguish between smoothing and true subdivision:
- Smoothing does not accurately control the phase current. It simply slows down the current change, so it doesn't generate microsteps. True subdivision allows for precise positioning due to the microstep functionality.
- Smoothing can reduce the motor's torque, while subdivision actually helps maintain or even increase torque during operation.
Understanding these distinctions is crucial for selecting the right driver and maximizing the performance of your stepper motor system.
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